教师节到了，每年的这个时候我们都会想起那些曾经给予我们指导和关爱的恩师。良师难得，如今的教师队伍良莠不齐，什么样的老师才称得上是一名好老师呢？美国《赫芬顿邮报》摘选了美国各地曾经获得最佳教师称号的老师们给出的答案。
Iranian-born Farsi teacher Hanna Jahanforooz writes on a white board in a class at the Ben-Gurion High School in Petah Tikva, Israel, May 29, 2018. Picture taken May 29, 2018. REUTERS/Nir Elias
Rule 1: Rules are made to be broken.
第一条：规则就是用来打破的。
高中英语老师迈克尔古德温（Michael Goodwin）：
Really good education is all about risk-taking and about making a mess; learning is chaotic, right?
真正的好教育应该是敢于冒险和制造混乱；学习本就在混乱中行进的，不是吗？
Rule 2: All for one, and one for all.
第二条：人人为我，我为人人。
六年级老师阿尔玛苏妮帕克（Alma Suney Park）：
On the first day of school I always tell my students that our classroom is their second home and that our class is an extension of their family. I believe this is just as important as creating an exceptional curriculum.
开学的第一天，我总是告诉学生们，我们的教室就是他们的第二个家，我们的课堂就是他们家庭的延伸。我认为营造家的氛围和上好课一样重要。
Rule 3: Bring your passions into the classroom.
第三条：把自己的爱好和课堂结合起来。
高中英语老师克林特史密斯（Clint Smith）：
As a professional spoken-word poet, I try to embody how learning to read and write well serves a purpose beyond the academic. These are critical skills that have the power to open up new worlds of opportunities. My poetry provides an entry point for my students to engage in literature, and empowers them to delve into text when they may have otherwise been hesitant to do so.
作为一名职业口语诗人，我试着予阅读和写作在学术之外的意义。阅读和写作是开启充满机遇新世界的关键技能。我的为学生接触文学打开了一扇门，让他们有能力深入研究文本，而不是徘徊不前。
Rule 4: Never teach to the test.
第四条：教学不是为了应试。
高中英语老师、辩论导师乔什安德森（Josh Anderson）：
Exceptional test scores, brilliant job applicants, and competitive colleges should simply be by-products of a great education, not the sole purpose of it.
出色的考试成绩、优秀的求职者和竞争力强的大学只应该是杰出教育的副产品，而非唯一目的。
Rule 5: Keep it real.
第五条：学以致用
英语、生态学、老师达里尔比兰季亚（Daryl Bilandzija）：
If youre willing to take a little bit of a risk with some of your curriculum and experiment with more hands-on experiences with the kids, you can develop programs that are so much better adapted to the needs of the particular students youre teaching, offering them real ways to apply their learning instead of just passively receiving information.
如果老师们愿意拿自己的课冒点险做做实验，让孩子们多动手，就能设计一些更好地适应特定学生需求的课堂内容，让学生们可以学以致用，而不只是被动地接受信息。
Rule 6: There is no such thing as an un-teachable child.
第六条：没有教不好的孩子。
数学和阅读老师朱莉亚金（Julia King）：
My students are kids just like any other kids. Of course they can learn. Of course they can love school. Of course they can build good relationships. Of course they have a voice. They just need to learn how to use it.
我的学生是孩子，就和其他孩子一样。所以他们当然都能好好学习，都会喜欢学校，都能搞好关系，都有发言权。他们只是需要学习如何使用发言权。
Rule 7: Necessity is the mother of all invention.
第七条：需要是创造之母。
巡回音乐老师杰森章（Jason Chuong）：
So here I was, a first-year teacher, with 250 students and a hundred-dollar budget. My solution was bucket drumming. I had the idea to go to Home Depot and buy a bunch of five-gallon paint buckets to use as drums. The kids loved it . . . . This is my fourth year now, and its really taken off.
我第一年当老师时，手头有250个学生和100美元预算。我的解决方案是打桶鼓。我到连锁店家得宝去买了一堆五加仑油漆桶来当鼓。孩子们很喜欢。现在我当老师第四年了，这个桶鼓项目真的很受欢迎。
Rule 8: Produce good people, not just good students.
第八条：培养好人，而不只是培养好学生。
五年级老师雷夫艾斯奎斯（Rafe Esquith）：
The greatest challenge I face is to teach my students to be honorable in a dishonorable world. I want them to be decent even though they are growing up in an environment surrounded by indecency and a media that celebrates awful behavior . . . . My job is to show children that there is an alternative way to live ones life.
我面临的最大挑战是教学生在一个不光彩的世界中做一个可敬的人。即使他们所成长的环境被下流行径和歌颂无耻行为的媒体包围，我依然希望他们做体面的人。我的工作就是让孩子们知道，人生还有另一种活法。
Rule 9: Be the person you want your students to become.
第九条：你希望学生成为什么样的人，自己就做什么样的人
AP统计学、微观经济学老师简克利尔维奥（Jane Klir Viau）：
In order to expect commitment from my students, I must first demonstrate my own commitment to each of them. I take the time to try to understand each of them personally; I make myself available during lunch hours, free periods, and after school . . . . Through seeing that my motivations lie with their success and not my own track record, the students come to their own conclusions about my sincerity. It is after this realization that I begin to see my students, one by one, meeting me halfway.
想得到学生的爱戴，首先我必须表现出对他们每一个人尽心尽力。我花时间去了解每一个学生；我在午饭、课间休息时间和放学后都和学生保持接触当学生们知道我这样做是为了他们成才而不是自己的教学业绩，他们就会明白我的真心。在意识到这一点后，学生们就会一个个地主动配合我。
Rule 10: You cant do it alone.
第十条：不能单凭自己一人之力。
高中物理、化学、工程学、建筑学老师杰弗里沙博诺（Jeffrey Charbonneau）：
Success does not occur in isolation . . . . Its only because of the teacher next door, the teacher down the hall. Its because of the secretaries. Its because of the administration. Its because of a whole staff working together to try and make good things happen. The magic formula in education is not hiring the right person. Its hiring the right group of people, who all want to achieve the same goals.
成功的教育靠的不是一己之力。你的成功也要归功于隔壁的老师、走廊那头的老师、办公室秘书、学校行政人员因为所有的教职人员齐心协力，才能教出好学生。教育的秘方不是聘到一个合适的人，而是聘到一群合适的人，这些人都想实现同样的目标。
Rule 11: Be a student of your students.
第十一条：以学生为师。
初中多媒体、播音和社交媒体老师杰伊霍夫曼（Jay Hoffman）：
Teaching reflects you. If you can look at that reflection, you will really learn about yourself. That humbles me and brings me to tears when I talk about it. Because in the beginning, I was scared of what I saw. Kids find the cracks in your armor. It is not that they set out to, they just do. But if you are willing to step back and reflect, you can grow so much. You think you are going to teach, but boy, do you learn. I have come to understand that, truly, I am my students student.
你的教育方式反映你的自身。如果你反省一下，将能真正了解自己。提到我教学的初体验，我会觉得羞愧难当。一开始我对自己见到的情景感到恐慌。孩子们会给你挑错。他们并不是故意的，但他们就是这么做了。但如果你退一步反思一下这段经历，你会发现自己成长了很多。你以为你是来教这些孩子的，但是你自己也学到了很多。我现在真正理解到，我是我的学生的学生。