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汉语新难词英译

更新时间:2024-03-29 18:08:52

  摘要:时代飞速发展,汉语新难词不断涌现,翻译时颇难下笔,还有一些政策性很强的词句,翻译时颇费斟酌。故而,中国译协中译外委员会(由来自外交部、中央编译局、中国外交局、新华社、中国国际广播电台、中国日报社的专家学者组成)定期组织研讨会议,讨论并规范目前外宣工作中的汉语新难词,向社会公布,以正视听。以下选摘部分(均已注明出处,以显有据可稽)。

  经济词汇

  保险业 the insurance industry

  保证重点指出 ensure funding for priority areas

  补发拖欠的养老金 clear up pension payments in arrears

  不良贷款 non-performing loan

  层层转包和违法分包 mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting

  城乡信用社 credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas

  城镇居民最低生活保障 a minimum standard of living for city residents

  城镇职工医疗保障制度 the system of medical insurance for urban workers

  出口信贷 export credit

  贷款质量 loan quality

  贷款质量五级分类办法 the five-category assets classification for bank loans

  防范和化解金融风险 take precautions against and reduce financial risks

  防洪工程 flood-prevention project

  非法外汇交易 illegal foreign exchange transaction

  非贸易收汇 foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels

  非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions

  费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes

  跟踪审计 foolow-up auditing

  工程监理制度 the monitoring system for projects

  国有资产安全 the safety of state-owned assets

  过度开垦 excess reclamation

  合同管理制度 the contract system for governing projects

  积极的财政政策 pro-active fiscal policy

  基本生活费 basic allowance

  解除劳动关系 sever labor relation

  金融监管责任制 the responsibility system for financial supervision

  经济安全 economic security

  靠扩大财政赤字搞建设 to increase the deficit to spend more on development

  扩大国内需求 the expansion of domestic demand

  拉动经济增长 fuel economic growth

  粮食仓库 grain depot

  粮食收购企业 grain collection and storage enterprise

  粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 closed operation of grain purchase funds

  粮食销售市场 grain sales market

  劣质工程 shoddy engineering

  乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款 arbitrary charges,fund-raising,quotas and fines

  骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

  融资渠道 financing channels

  商业信贷原则 the principles for commercial credit

  社会保险机构 social security institution

  失业保险金 unemployment insurance benefits

  偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes

  外汇收支 foreign exchange revenue and spending

  以上摘自《中国翻译》2000年第二期

   

  安居工程 housing project for low-income urban residents

  信息化 information-based; informationization

  智力密集型  concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive

  外资企业  overseas-funded enterprises

  下岗职工 laid-off workers

  分流 reposition of redundant personnel

  三角债 chain debts

  素质教育 education for all-round development

  豆腐渣工程 jerry-built projects

  社会治安情况 law-and-order situation

  民族国家 nation state

   以上选摘自《中国翻译》2000年第一期

  “台独” "independence of Taiwan"

  台湾当局 Taiwan authorities

  台湾同胞 Taiwan compatriots

  台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.

  西部大开发 Development of the West Regions

  可持续性发展 sustainable development

  风险投资  risk investment

  通货紧缩  deflation

  扩大内需 to expand domestic demand

  计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction ( CAI )

  网络空间  cyberspace

  虚拟现实 virtual reality

  网民  netizen ( net citizen )

  电脑犯罪 computer crime

  电子商务 the e-business

  网上购物 shopping online

  应试教育  exam-oriented education

  学生减负  to reduce study load